Application research of case teaching method based on "Rain Classroom" and standardized patients in the obstetrics and gynecology probation course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In view of the problems existing in the probation teaching of obstetrics and gynecology, such as patients' non-cooperation, few cases and few practical opportunities. This study discusses the application effect of case teaching based on "Rain Classroom" and standardized patients in the obstetrics and gynecology probation course. The teaching is carried out by carefully selecting cases, refining pre-class preparation, adopting various teaching forms, and carrying out evaluation after class. In order to evaluate the teaching effect, an anonymous survey was carried out among 330 undergraduate interns majoring in clinical medicine, prevention, and forensic medicine in Batch 2015. The results showed that 210 (93.8%) of 224 (67.9%) students who participated in the survey believed that this method could promote learning enthusiasm and 200 students (89.3%) thought it could activate classroom atmosphere more than traditional teaching; most students thought it improved students' communication ability (163, 72.8%), clinical practice ability (189, 84.4%), and ability to analyze and solve problems (171, 76.3%) and deepening the understanding, mastery and application of knowledge (158, 70.5%). It shows that this method can improve the teaching effect of obstetrics and gynecology probation course to a certain extent.

Prospective cohort study of pre-pregnancy sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus / 环境与职业医学

Background There is a lack of research evidence on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China. Objective To explore the association between frequency of SSB consumption before pregnancy and risk of GDM in pregnant women in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for targeted interventions to control maternal blood glucose. Methods The recruitment to the China Birth Cohort study started in October 2020. Pregnant women at 6-16 weeks who had their first prenatal examination at five hospitals in Shaanxi Province were recruited. A maternal health questionnaire was used to collect basic information about pregnant women. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect the consumption of carbonated beverages, fruit and vegetable juice beverages, coffee beverages, and milk tea beverages in one year before pregnancy, which were summed to obtain the SSB consumption. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to SSB consumption, namely <1 serving·week−1, 1-4 servings·week−1, and ≥5 servings·week−1. GDM was confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24-28 weeks of gestation. A binary logistic regression model was applied to explore the association between SSB consumption and risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations between SSB consumption (per 1-serving·d−1 increase) and OGTT fasting plasma glucose, 1-hour glucose, and 2-hour glucose. Results A total of 3811 pregnant women were finally enrolled in this study, of which 752 developed GDM, with an incidence rate of 19.7%. The incidence rates of GDM in pregnant women with SSB consumption frequency of <1 serving·week−1, 1-4 servings·week−1, and ≥5 servings·week−1 were 18.0%, 21.1%, and 26.8%, respectively. After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), education, number of children born, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and total energy intake, the risk of GDM increased by 26% (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.50) in the 1-4 servings·week−1 group and by 76% (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.31, 2.38) in the ≥5 servings·week−1 group compared to the <1 serving·week−1 SSB consumption group, respectively. Further stratified analysis revealed no interaction effect (Pinteraction>0.05) between SSB consumption and maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, or first labor or not. For each additional SSB consumption per day, the risk of GDM increased by 94% (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.37, 2.75); and the maternal OGTT 1-hour glucose and 2-hour glucose increased by 0.33 mmol·L−1 and 0.18 mmol·L−1, respectively (P<0.05), and no significant increase in fasting plasma glucose was found (P>0.05). Conclusion Higher SSB consumption before pregnancy increases the risk of GDM in pregnant women.

Correlation of fetal cervical cystic hygroma with chromosomal and structural abnormalities: analysis of 70 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation of fetal cervical cystic hygroma (CCH) with chromosomal and structural abnormalities and to assess the prognosis of CCH.Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 70 fetuses with CCH diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University from July 2015, to December 2021. According to whether complicated by structural malformations or other anomalies, all the subjects were divided into the non-isolated and isolated CCH groups. The correlation of CCH and the gestational age at detection with chromosomal and structural abnormalities were analyzed and the prognosis of the cases were summarized using Chi-square test. Results:There were 34 isolated CCH (34/70, 49%) and 36 non-isolated CCH (36/70, 51%) among the 70 cases. In the non-isolated CCH group, there were eight cases (22%, 8/36) with abnormal heart structure, ten (28%, 10/36) with abnormal anterior abdominal wall, 16 (44%,16/36) with systemic edema and/or pleural effusion, one (3%,1/36) with craniocerebral abnormalities and one with holoprosencephaly and cardiac structural abnormalities. Eighteen out of 44 cases undergoing chromosome testing had chromosomal abnormalities, which were trisomy-18 ( n=6), trisomy-21 ( n=3), trisomy-13 ( n=3), 45,XO ( n=3), and chromosome segment duplication or deletion ( n=3). The detection rate of chromosome abnormality was higher in non-isolated CCH group comparing with isolated CCH group [59%(13/22) vs 23%(5/22), χ2=6.02, P=0.014]. There was no significant difference in the gestational age at the detection of CCH or proportion of women of advanced maternal age between the isolated and non-isolated CCH groups (both P>0.05). The ratios of isolated CCH cases with normal chromosome detected at the gestational weeks of 14-27 +6 was higher than those detected at 11-13 +6 weeks [62%(13/21) vs 17%(4/23), χ2=7.39, P=0.001]. Out of the 17 cases with isolated CCH and normal chromosomes, 12 were live births. One of the 12 cases still had a cystic mass with a diameter of 3 cm in the neck nine months after birth, and the other 11 cases had no mass at birth but one case died at the age of five months (hospitalized one week for neonatal edema),one case was found with anal atresia three days after birth and underwent operation and the remaining nine cases were normal during five months to six years follow-up. Conclusions:Non-isolated CCH is at a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Isolated CCH cases detected later had higher rate of normal chromosome and often have a higher survival rate.

Preventive Effects of Aspidopterys obcordata on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Injury / 医药导报

Objective To explore the preventive effects of different extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata on renal tubu-lar epithelial cells injury induced by sodium oxalate in vitro, and initially identify the effective part for treating urolithiasis. Methods The injury model of HK-2 cells induced by sodium oxalate was established to screen the active parts of Aspidopterys obcordata by testing the protective effects of different polarity extracts on HK-2 injury cells through MTT method. Results Dif-ferent extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata improved the activity of HK-2 injury cells, which were elevated to 86.17% and 95.42%by 0. 5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 aqueous extract, respectively. And the activity reached to 93. 59% and 84. 77% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 50% alcohol extracts, reached above 81.56% by 95% alcohol extracts,all of which showed sig-nificant difference compared with the model group. The HK-2 cells viability were elevated to 82. 53% and 91. 58% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 95% alcohol extracted ethyl acetate parts,and increased to 77.24% and 87.22% by 0.5 mg?mL-1and 1 mg?mL-1 of 95% alcohol isolated n-butanol extracts, approached to 95.46% and 81.36% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 water extracts, all of which showed significant difference compared with the model control group. Conclusion The aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata have obvious preventive effects on HK-2 cells injury, among which the ethyl acetate extracts, n-butanol extracts and water extracts present the remarkable effects, which are supposed to be the active parts for inhibiting calcium oxalate stone formation in vitro.

Application of case simulation and participatory feedback teaching in neonatal resuscitation training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of case simulation and participatory feedback teaching used for neonatal resuscitation training. Methods One hundred and twenty medical staff was selected as subjects from Obstetric and Pediatric department and were randomized into 4 batches to receive a neonatal resuscitation training program that consisted of theoretical lectures and skill practice. In the control group (first two batches), the teacher demonstrated procedures of neonatal resuscitation, then trainees practiced alone and the teacher corrected their wrong procedure. In the observation group (last two batches), interactive teaching was employed and the training was performed into three steps:practice of skill in teams, watch the procedure of their practice, the feedback. The theoretical exami-nation score, practical examination score, teamwork ability and satisfaction were compared between two groups. SPSS 16.0 was employed for statistical analysis, with α=0.05 as detection level. Results The theoretical examination scores of control group and observation group were (34.27 ±2.26) vs. (33.68±2.32). There was no significant difference in theoretical examination score between the two groups ( P=0 . 166 ) . The practice examination score s of control group and observation group were (36.15±1.46) vs. (34.79±2.43), with significant differences (P=0.000). The teamwork ability of control group and observation group were (35.78 ±1.26) vs. (33.63 ±1.98), with obviously significant differ-ences (P=0.000). The trainees individual study interest, practice intent, knowledge and satisfaction with the training in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group. These results were (8.45±2.75) vs. (6.24±2.28), P=0.001;(8.25±2.05) vs. (6.48±2.75), P=0.003;(7.23±1.37) vs. (5.75 ±1.74), P=0.000; (8.21 ±1.45) vs. (6.34 ±1.69), P=0.000. Conclusion Application of the teaching in neonatal resuscitation training can enhance comprehensive practical skills and team coop-eration ability in med-ical staff, and it improves trainee's satisfaction with the training.

Risk factors of small-for-gestational-age in severe preeclampsia / 医学研究生学报

Objective Severe preeclampsia (sPE), which is usually complicated by small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and immature labor , remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study was to investigate the risk factors of SGA in sPE. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 100 cases of sPE, 35 with SGA (the case group) and the other 65 without it ( the control group ) .We conducted single-factor analysis on the general characteristics and potential impact factors of the patients , i-dentified the independent risk factors of SGA using the un-conditional stepwise logistic model , and assessed the value of umbilical arter-y S/D ratio and proteinuria ration in the diagnosis of sPE with SGA with the ROC curve . Results Compared with the control group , the case group had more cases of early-onset sPE ( P =0.010 ), earlier gestational and delivery weeks (P<0.001), lower neonatal weight at birth ( P<0 .001 ) , higher rate of admission to and longer stay in the neonatal ICU (P<0.001), and higher incidence of neo-natal complications (P<0.05).The case group also showed signifi-cant increases in comparison with the control in the umbilical artery S/D ratio (2.95 ±0.75 vs 2.31 ±0.47, P<0.05), frequency of S/D ratio ≥95th percentile (22.86% vs 6.15%, P<0.01), and rate of proteinuria ≥5 g/24 h (42.86% vs 20.00%, P<0.05).The S/D ratio ≥95th percentile (OR=6.02, 95%CI:2.32-16.78) and proteinuria≥5 g/24 h (OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.56-3.01) were found to be the risk factors of sPE with SGA.The area under the curve was 0.852 for the combination of S/D ra-tio and proteinuria ration in the diagnosis of sPE with SGA (P<0.05). Conclusion Umbilical artery S/D ratio≥95th percentile and proteinuria ≥5 g/24 h contribute to the early prediction, prevention, and prognosis of sPE, and is valuable for the diagnosis of sPE with SGA.

Quality Control of Dragon's Blood Spraying Film Agent / 医药导报

Objective To study the quality control methods for dragon's blood spraying film agent. Methods The pH value and viscosity of dragon's blood spraying film agent were detected. Drug dispersed homogeneous degree and particle sizes were determined with Nano Particle Size Analyzer and microscope. Content of Loureirin B was measured by Ultra Performance Liquid-Chromtography (UPLC). UPLC was performed on Waters C18 column (2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 7 μm), the wavelength was 280 nm, the column temperature was 40 ℃ , and the mobile phase was 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0. 8 mL·min-1 . Results The pH value and viscosity of dragon's blood spraying film agent were stable, drug dispersion was homogeneous, and particle size of the drug was tiny. The concentration of Loureirin B had a good linear relationship in the range of 15. 51-77. 54 μg. Conclusion This method can be accurately controlled, has good stability and repeatability, and can fully control quality of dragon's blood spraying film agent.

Study of PBL used in a new type of three phases labor trainee teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate whether the effect of PBL is better than LBL when used in a new type of three phases labor trainee teaching. Methods 216 medical students of the five-year and seven-year program who took part in labor trainee in the 2013-2014 school year were chosen and divided into two groups:PBL group and LBL group. Both the two groups' labor trainee were performed as three phases: trainee preparation, delivery room trainee, and discussion-class after trainee. Ques-tionnaire investigations were used to evaluate the effect of the delivery room trainee and discussion-class in PBL group and LBL group. A quiz after the third phase was used to examine whether the teaching effect of the two groups is different or not. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software. Count data between sample rates were compared by chi square test, mean data between the two groups were compared by t test, the inspection level is α=0.05. Results Both in the delivery room trainee and discussion-class after trainee, questionnaire score in PBL group was significantly higher than that in LBL group (P<0.05). The average of quiz score in PBL group was 25.7±2.1, which was significantly higher than that in LBL group (19.3±3.6) (P<0.05). The excellent rate in PBL group was 82.6%, which was also higher than that in LBL group (P<0.05). Conclusion PBL teaching method elevates learning initiative of medical students and increases the teaching effect, and it can be promoted in labor trainee teaching.

Determination of Three Active Flavones in Orthosiphon stamineus by HPLC / 医药导报

Objective To develop a method for content determination of sinensetin,eupatorin,and 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone in Orthosiphon stamineus. Methods The determination was carried out on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) by HPLC.The mobile consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% H3 PO4 in gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL?min-1 ,the column temperature was 30 ℃ ,the detected wavelength was set at 365 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. Results The peak areas and the sample quantity of the three components presented good linear relationship in the range of 0. 50 - 5. 00 μg for sinensetin,0. 50 - 5. 00 μg for eupatorin, and 0. 05 - 0. 50 μg for 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone.The average recoveries were 101.26%,100.28% and 99.66%,respectively. RSD were 1.73%, 0.82% and 1.67%, respectively. Conclusion The method is proved to be simple,accurate and can be used for the quality evaluation of Orthosiphon stamineus.

Expression of Ezrin protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its effect in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carci-noma / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the Ezrin protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma expression and its effects on metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma .Methods Expression of Ezrin protein was detected by immunohistochemical method in 98 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 37 cases of chronic nasopharyngitis tissues were analyzed . Clinical staging and pathological characteristics , recurrence and metastasis following treatment in the process of 98 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were observed .Results 98 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcino-ma research group,69 cases(70.4%) patients were positive expression of Ezrin protein .The control group nasopha ryngeal mucositis of patients ,only 4 patients showed positive expression of Ezrin protein ,the rate of positive expression was 10.8%.The differences between the two groups compared with the positive rate of Ezrin significantly (χ2 =38.42,P=0.00).By comparison on strength of patients with distant metastases of different expression of Ezrin in study group,closely related to Ezrin strong positive and tumor metastasis , Ezrin protein ( ++) and ( +++) expression group and negative (-) and weak positive (+) expression group compared with patients ,tumor migration rate was significantly higher(all P<0.05).Conclusion Ezrin protein shows significantly higher expression in tis-sues of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ,the positive expression of Ezrin protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and with the distant metastasis .

Primary investigation of contaminating fungi on Panax notoginseng and Amomum tsaoko in Yunnan / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the potential risks of fungal contaminants on Panax notoginseng and Amomum tsaoko.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The primary investigation was conducted in the P. notoginseng and A. tsaoko major production areas in Yunnan. Samples of P. notoginseng and A. tsaoko were collected from drugstores and markets in 3 cities of Yunnan. Dilution-plate method was applied for the isolation of fungi, the obtained species were identified according to morphological and molecular approaches.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Paecilomyces lilacinus and Penicillium citrinum were dominant on samples of Panax notoginseng. P. lilacinus and Aspergillus flavus were dominant on samples of Amomum tsaoko.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Yunnan province, the major fungal contaminants on P. notoginseng are P. lilacinus and P. citrinum and the major fungal contaminants on A. tsaoko are P. lilacinus and Aspergillus flavus. There exists a potential contamination risk of citrinin on P. notoginseng and aflatoxin on A. tsaoko.</p>

Testing methods for seed quality of Amomum villosum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to optimize the testing methods for seed quality, and to provide a basis for establishing seed testing criterion and quality standard of Amomum villosum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Referring to the International Seed Testing Rules made by ISTA and Rules for agricultural seed testing, the seed quality of A. villosum from different collection areas was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The samples weight of A. villosum for purity analysis were at least 500 g and for test were at least 50 g. Verification of genuineness was assayed by seed appearance comparing and weight of per hundred seeds was determined, the moisture content test was carried out by high temperature drying method (3 hours). The seeds were stored in wet sand for 20 days and then dipping in the 100 mg x L(-1) GA3 for 30 days before germination, seeds on filter papers germinated at 30/20 degrees C. The first germination-counting time was the 15th day of the test and the final time was the 50th day. Seed viability was tested by TTC method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The seed testing methods for quality items of A. villosum, including sampling, purity analysis, verification of genuineness, weight, moisture content, percentage germination and seed viability of A. villosum had been initially established.</p>

Investigation of Paris genus resources in Xishuangbanna / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the species, distributing and resource of Paris genus plants in Xishuangbanna area of Yunnan province.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two steps, talking with the folk doctors and field survey, were employed to explore the resource status of Paris plants. Twenty six villages and towns, which are at an elevation of 500 m to 2000 m, were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 214 specimens were collected and identified according to morphological characteristics. All investigated spots had Paris genus resources distribution but there always had a small Paris population less than 20. The Paris genus is an understory plants which lives always in a specific environment beside creek in hill valley and with many commensal plants such as bamboo and broadleaf. Three species of Paris, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and P. vietnamensis were collected and identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paris genus resources declined rapidly in recent year, particular the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Developing the breeding and cultivation technologies and enhancing the resources protection are needed urgently.</p>

Study on screening protein secretion after TGF-?1 stimulation of gastric cancer cells by SELDI-TOF-MS technique / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective SELDI-TOF-MS technology was used to contrastly analyse the changes of protein expression profiles of gastric cancer cells after TGF-?1 stimulation,and provide theoretical and experimental foundation for screening different significant proteins. Methods Serial subcultivation gastric cancer cells BGC823,MKN45,and SGC7901 cultured in vitro were grouped into test and control groups.TGF-?1 was added to the test group,but not to control group.Cell culture fluid was collected and centrifuged after cultured 24h,and crossing with WCX2 protein chip to detect protein differences. Results When the test group was compared with control group,we found:(1) thirteen different proteins in BGC823 cells after TGF-?1 stimulaton,and their M/Z were M4294,M4932,M4945,M4972,M4991,M5015,5036,M5060,M5153,M5180,M5197,M8577,and M8784,respectively;(2) eighteen different proteins in MKN45 cells after TGF-?1 stimulaton,and their M/Z were M4292,M4931,M4945,M4972,M4990,M5014,M5152,M5178,M7055,M8190,M8570,M8652,M8670,M8780,M9963,M10098,M10523,and M11653,respectively;(3) eight difference proteins in SGC7901 cells after TGF-?1 stimulation,and their M/Z were M4945,M4972,M4992,M5015,M5180,M7056,M8573,and M8604,respectively. By comparing three protein expression profiles of gastric cancer cells after TGF-?1 treatment,we found two significcant proteins with common differences,that had M/Z of M4945 and M4972,respectively. Conclusions The biological markers whose M/Z is M4945,M4972 with gastric cancer characteristic and associated with TGF-?1 have been screened,which can be as the basis for early prediction and clinical diagnosis research on metastasis and invasiveness of gastric cancer.

The Study of Nimodipine in Treating Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Effect on Intraplatelet Free Calcium / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of nimodipine (NIM) on pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH) and to assesse the effects of nimodipine on intraplatelet free calcium(PF[Ca 2+ ] i). Methods Fourty eight patients with moderate or severe PIH were randomized to receive either NIM or magnesium sulfate. We observed the change of blood pressure, urc protein, PF[Ca 2+ ] i and symptoms of preeclampsia before and after medication. We compared the pregnancy outcome of the two groups. Results 1.There was significant reduction of blood pressure at 1/2 h?1 h and 2 h after the administration of nimodipine. The maternal heart rate increased significantly ( P

Quality standard for Biling Weitong Granules / 中成药

AIM:To establish the quality standard of Biling Weitong Granules (Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Rhizoma Coptidis, etc.). METHODS: Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae, Fructus Litseae were identified by TLC. The content of berberine hydrochloride was determined by RP-HPLC C_ 18 column(ODS, 250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used as chromatographic column. The acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Adjust with phosphoric acid to a pH of 3.0) (25∶75) was used as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was at 347 nm. The flow rate was kept to 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: The TLC sports developed were fairly clear, and the blank test showed no interference. The linearity of berberine hydrochloride was good in the range of 0.041 32-0.619 8 ?g(r= 0.999 9 ). The average recovery of berberine hydrochloride was 101.93%, RSD=0.60%(n=6). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, reliable, accurate and can be applied as the quantity control method of Biling Weitong Granules.